A,The basepitClassification of supporting structures

1.Put the slope excavation

Loose slope excavation is also known as slope rate method. When there are possible sites for slope excavation around the foundation pit, the geological conditions of the site are good, and the groundwater level is deep, the slope excavation should be given priority.

The slope rate of slope excavation should be determined by calculation according to the requirements of slope stability,

2.Supporting support structure

Sheet pile, column pile, diaphragm wall and other supporting bodies belong to this category. Retaining piles and walls are inserted to a certain depth in the soil at the bottom of the pit(Generally inserted into the hard soil layer), the upper part is a suspended wall or a staggered support system is set to form a beam type stress member, which is solved according to the vertical elastic foundation beam inserted in the soil.

This kind of supporting structure is widely used, has strong applicability, and is easy to control the deformation of the supporting structure. It is especially suitable for deep foundation pit with large excavation depth, and can adapt to various complex geological conditions. The design and calculation theory is relatively mature, and the engineering experience in various regions is also more, which is the main form often used in foundation pit engineering.

3.Gravity support structure

Soil-cement mixing pile retaining wall, high-pressure rotary jet pile retaining wall, soil nail wall and so on are similar to gravity retaining wall. This kind of supporting structure has a large section size and relies on the gravity of the solid wall to retain soil. The wall body can also be designed into lattice structure, or step form and other forms, the wall body mainly bear pressure, generally do not bear tension, according to the gravity retaining wall design principle calculation. No anchor pull or internal support system, earth excavation construction is convenient. When the soil condition is poor, the excavation depth of foundation pit should not be too large. Suitable for small foundation pit engineering. Adopt soil nail wall structure, adaptability is larger. There have been a lot of engineering experience in the application of solid gravity support structure.

Soil NAILING can be combined with prestressed bolt, micro pile, waterproof curtain wall, etc., to form composite soil nailing wall, composite soil nailing wall has good supporting performance and a wide range of application.

4.Modular support structure

On the basis of the above two retaining and gravity supporting structures, the combination of several supporting structures can be adopted, such as pile row-Composite soil nailing, or the upper slope is followed by composite soil nailing wall, and the lower part is supported by ten rows of piles, which is called the composite support structure.

Second, supporting structure selection

The selection of supporting structure should be based on the geological conditions of the site, the depth and function of the foundation pit, construction conditions, environmental factors and regional engineering experience, etc. The following factors should be comprehensively considered:

(1)The basepitDepth;

(2) soil characteristics and groundwater conditions;

(3)The basepitThe bearing capacity of the surrounding environment to the deformation of the foundation pit and the consequence of the failure of the supporting structure;

(4(the foundation form of the main underground structure and its construction method, the plane size and shape of the foundation pit;

(5) the feasibility of construction technology of supporting structure;

(6) Construction site conditions and construction season;

(7) economic indicators, environmental performance and construction period.

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