Pile foundationIt is one of the most used forms of deep foundation, which consists of a number of piles sunk in the soil and a cap or cover beam connecting the pile top.

Pile foundation The function of is to transfer the load of the upper building through the cap or cover beam to the pile, and then to the deep bearing capacity of the strong soil (rock) layer,Or the soft soil is compacted to improve the bearing capacity and compactness of the foundation soil.

According to the force condition, it can be divided into two types: end-bearing pile and friction pile:

An end-bearing pile is a pile that passes through a soft soil layer to reach a hard soil or rock layer,The structural load is mainly borne by the pile end bearing layer. During construction, the depth of pile end embedded in bearing layer is mainly controlled, and the thickness of sediment is strictly required. Most end - bearing piles in bridge engineering require rock - socketed.

The friction pile is completely set in the soft soil layer, and the load is borne by the pile tip resistance and the friction resistance between the side of the pile and the foundation soil. The design elevation (length) of the pile tip is mainly controlled during construction.

For the pile tip is hard soil layer, there are friction end bearing pile and friction end bearing pile.

The friction pile in bridge engineering usually does not have the compaction effect.

Piles are divided into precast piles and cast-in-place piles according to construction methods

Precast pile According to the method of sinking into the soil, it can be divided into driving pile, water driving pile, vibration driving pile and static driving pile.

Bored piles The hole is formed at the pile position,Then the steel skeleton is put in, and then the concrete pile is poured. According to the different methods of hole formation, there are drilling (punching) hole filling pile, digging hole filling pile (manual digging pile, rotary digging pile), bushing hole filling pile and exploding expansion hole filling pile, etc.

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